Juniper Publishers- Journal of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences

JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Authored by Cotta KI Abstract Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) are being used as a safe alternative to tobacco smoking, or as a smoking cessation device. However, the FDA presumes that e-cigarettes are as hazardous as conventional cigarettes. The Tobacco Control Task Force of the American Association of Public Health Physicians instead has indicated that e-cigarettes closely resemble Nicotine Replacement Therapy products. Since Propylene glycol (PG) constitutes around 89-90% of the e-cigarettes formulation, the objective here is to review the safety of inhalation of PG. All animal and human studies that analyzed the effect of the inhalation of PG have indicated that, PG does not appear to pose a significant hazard via the inhalation route. In fact, in several of these animal studies the concentrations of PG used were higher compared to the concentration used in e-cigarettes and did not give rise to any toxi...

  JUNIPER PUBLISHERS - GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Authored by Ternullo S Abstract Despite almost Three decades of progress and the availability of effective vaccines, global WPV eradication has remained elusive. The end game eradication strategy was developed in 2013 and implementation has begun. One dose of IPV was incorporated into routine immunization schedules in fall of 2015 followed by withdrawal of tOPV and its replacement by bOPV for routine use globally in April 2016. Continued challenges exist as the 2018 target date for eradication approaches. Challenges include technical challenges for maintenance of cold chains for surveillance and assurance of OPV potency, warfare and security challenges, hostility toward vaccinators, low literacy rates, politically motivated misinformation, and religious misinformation resulting in vaccine refusal. The lack of accurate health information via government and media channels at a grass roots level and a...